Performance data of titanium alloy forging proves in common use
According to theoretical research and factory production experience, the forging process performance data of αtype, near αtype, α﹢β type and neat βtype titanium alloy are summarized in Table 1 ~ Table 6.
It can be seen from the data in Table 1 ~ 6 that the opening temperature of most titanium alloy ingot is within the range of 1150℃ ~ 1200℃, and the initial forging temperature of some titanium alloy ingot is within the range of 1050℃ ~ 1100℃. Both of these two temperature zones are located in the phase zone, and the former is much higher than the phase transition temperature for two reasons: first, the alloy has high shaping and low deformation resistance in the phase zone, which is conducive to improving productivity in order to strive for a longer forging time; Secondly, the blank of casting ingots is mainly supplied for forging to make blank, and its structure can be improved after forging with large deformation degree, so as not to affect the forging performance, so the process with high productivity is chosen.
It can be seen from the data in Table 1 ~ 6 that the initial forging temperature of the die forging on the press is not only much lower than the initial forging temperature of the ingot casting, but also lower than the α／β phase transformation temperature of 30℃ ~ 50℃. The temperature of the die forging of most titanium alloys is in the range of 930℃ ~ 970℃. This is to ensure the deformation in the α﹢β phase region to obtain the required structural properties of the forgings. Because the hammer die forging needs many blows and the operation time is long, the heating temperature of the finished forging can be increased by 10℃ ~ 20℃ compared with the forging of press machine. However, in order to ensure the microstructure and mechanical properties of the finished titanium alloy forgings, the final forging temperature of the forging process should be controlled in α﹢β two-phase region.
It can also be seen from table 1 to Table 6 that the initial forging temperature of most titanium alloys preformed is slightly higher than or near the phase transition temperature. The initial α／β forging temperature of the transition process, such as preforming, is lower than the ingot opening temperature and higher than the initial forging temperature of the die forging. Deformation in this temperature zone not only takes care of the productivity, but also prepares the forging with better structure.
Table 1 Forging process performance data of αtype titanium alloy
Alloy designation | Phase transition temperature ／℃ | Forging temperature range／℃ | Allowable deformation ／% |
Pure titanium | α→β：885～900 | Ingot blooming process：1050～650, Preforming：950～650 Die forging：950～650 |
40～50 30～40 30～40 |
TA7（GR6） | α→α﹢β：930～970 β→α﹢β：1040～1090 | Ingot blooming process：1180-900 Preforming：1100～850 On die forging hammer：1100～900 Die forging on a press:1020～850 | 30～50 40～70 40～70 40～70 |
TA13（Ti-2.5Cu） | α﹢β→β：895±10 | Ingot blooming process：：1050～750 Preforming：950～700 On die forging hammer：880～700 Ring rolling：860～650 | 30～50 40～70 40～70 40～70 |
TA16（Ti-2AL-2.5Zr） | α﹢β→β：920±20 | Ingot blooming process：1180～900 Preforming：1100～850On die forging hammer：1100～900 Die forging on a press:1020～850 Plate rolling：1050～800 Tube perforation and hot rolling:1120～800 | 40～50 50～60 50～70 50～70 50～70 50～70 |
Table 2 Forging process performance data of nearly α type titanium alloy
Alloy designation | Phase transition temperature ／℃ | Forging temperature range／℃ | Allowable deformation ／% |
TA11（Ti-811） | α﹢β→β:1040 | Ingot blooming process：1190～900 Preforming：1000～800 Die forging：1000～800 | 30～50 30～60 30～60 |
TA12（Ti-5.5AL-4Sn-2Zr-1Mo-1Nd-0.25Si） | α﹢β→β：940±20 | Ingot blooming process：1200～900 Preforming：1040～850 On die forging hammer：1040～800 Die forging on a press：1030～800 | 30～50 30～55 30～55 30～55 |
TA15（Ti-6.5AL-1Mo-1V-2Zr-0.15Si） | α﹢β→β：1020±30 | Ingot blooming process：1180～900 Preforming：1080～900 On die forging hammer：1020～900 Die forging on a press：1000～900 | 20～30 40～50 40～50 40～50 |
TA18（GR9） | β→α﹢β：925±10 | Ingot blooming process：1050～750 Preforming：950～750 Die forging：900～700 | 50～70 50～70 40～50 |
TA19（Ti-6242S） | α﹢β→β：990±30 | Ingot blooming process：1150～850 Preforming：1000～800 On die forging hammer：980～800 Die forging on a press：950～800 | 30～60
40～70
40～70
40～70 |
TC1(Ti-2AL-1.5Mn) | α﹢β→β：920～930 | Ingot blooming process：1150～850 Preforming：1000～850 On die forging hammer：950～800 Die forging on a press：910～750 | 30～60 40～70 40～70 40～70 |
TC2(Ti-4AL-1.5Mn) | α﹢β→β：940±20 | Ingot blooming process：1080～850 Preforming：980～800 On die forging hammer：950～800 Die forging on a press：930～750 | 30～50 40～70 40～70 40～70 |
Table 3 Forging process performance data of α﹢β type titanium alloy
Alloy designation | Phase transition temperature ／℃ | Forging temperature range／℃ | Allowable deformation ／% |
TC4（GR5） | α﹢β→β: 980～1010 | Ingot blooming process：1200～850 Preforming：1000～800 On die forging hammer：980～800 Die forging on a press：950～800 | 30～60
40～70
40～70 40～70 |
TC6(Ti-6AL-1.5Cr-2.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.3Si) | α﹢β→β：980±20 | Ingot blooming process：1150～850 Preforming：1050～800 On die forging hammer：950～800 Die forging on a press：950～800 Isothermal extrusion：940 | 30～60 40～70 40～70 40～70 |
TC11(Ti-6.5AL-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si) | α﹢β→β：1000±20 | Ingot blooming process：1200～900 Preforming：980～800 On die forging hammer：980～850 Die forging on a press：970～800 | 30～60
40～65
40～65 40～65 |
TC16(Ti-3AL-5Mo-4.5V) | α﹢β→β：860±20 | Ingot blooming process：1150～850 Preforming：1000～850 Die forging：950～700 Rotary forging：820～650 | 30～60
40～70 40～70 10～20 |
TC17(Ti-5AL-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr) | α﹢β→β：890±15 | Ingot blooming process：1100～800 α﹢βDie forging：845～700 Die forging on a press：950～800 | 50～70 30～50 βZone：40～60 α﹢βZone：20～40 |
TC18(Ti-5AL-4.75Mo-4.75V-1Cr-1Fe) | β→α﹢β：750±10 | Ingot blooming process：1180～850 Preforming：1020～800 On die forging hammer：950～800 Die forging on a press：840～750 Extrusion, rolling：1050～750 | 30～50 40～70 40～70 20～50 20～60 |
Table 4 Forging process performance data of nearly βtype titanium alloy
Alloy designation | Phase transition temperature ／℃ | Forging temperature range／℃ | Allowable deformation ／% | Alloy designation |
TB2(Ti-5Mo-5V-8Cr-3AL) | α﹢β→β: 730～750 | Ingot blooming process：1150～850 | 30～60 | Plate 750 |
TB3(Ti-8823) | α→β﹢β：750±10 | Ingot blooming process：1150～850 Billet forging instead：1050～800 Rotary forging：：760～600 | 30～60 40～70 10～30 | |
TB5(Ti-15333) | α﹢β→β：750～770 | Ingot blooming process：1150～850 Billet forging instead：1050～800 Rotary forging： 740～600 | 30～60 40～65 10～20 | Plate 750～800 |
TB6(Ti-10-2-3) | α﹢β→β：800±15 | Ingot blooming process：1150～850 Preforming：840～700 On die forging hammer：800～680 Die forging on a press：780～680 Isothermal extrusion：780～760 | 50～70
40～60 40～50
40～60 30～50 | 770 |
注：在α﹢βdeformation
| ||||
Table 5 Forging process performance data of αType titanium alloy
Type | Designation | Thermal conductivity / m-1·℃-1 | Type | Designation | Thermal conductivity / m-1·℃-1 | Type | Designation | Thermal conductivity / m-1·℃-1 |
αType | Pure titanium | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | Close to α type | TC1(Ti-2AL-1.5Mn) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | Close to β type | TB2(Ti-5Mo-5V-8Cr-3AL) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 |
TA7（GR6） | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | TC2(Ti-4AL-1.5Mn) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | TB3 (Ti-8823) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | |||
TA13（Ti-2.5Cu） | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | α+βType | TC4（GR5） | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | TB5(Ti-15333) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | ||
TA16（Ti-2AL-2.5Zr） | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.43 | TC6(Ti-6AL-1.5Cr-2.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.3Si) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.43 | Carbon steel | 20 | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.43 | ||
Close to α type | TA11（Ti-811） | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | TC11(Ti-6.5AL-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | 45 | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | ||
TA12（Ti-5.5AL-4Sn-2Zr-1Mo-1Nd-0.25Si） | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | TC16(Ti-3AL-5Mo-4.5V) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | Carburizing steel | 12Cr2Ni4A | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | ||
TA15（Ti-6.5AL-1Mo-1V-2Zr-0.15Si） | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | TC17(Ti-5AL-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | Bearing steel | GCr15 | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | ||
TA18（GR9） | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | TC18(Ti-5AL-4.75Mo-4.75V-1Cr-1Fe) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | Quenched and tempered high strength steel | 40CrNiMoA | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | ||
TA19（Ti-6242S） | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | Close to β type | TB6(Ti-10-2-3) | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 | Ultra high strength steel | 40CrNi2Si2MoVA | 20℃/19.3 800℃/18.4 |
Table 6 Heating and holding time of titanium alloy billet
Maximum thickness or diameter of billet /mm | The time during which the blank is heated to the initial forging temperature after entering the furnace（not more than）/mm | Holding time /min | Time that billet stays in the furnace (not more than)/h | |
(not more than) | (not more than) | |||
≤10 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 1.0 |
15 | 8 | 12 | 50 | 1.0 |
20 | 10 | 15 | 50 | 1.0 |
25 | 10 | 15 | 50 | 1.0 |
30 | 10 | 15 | 50 | 1.0 |
35 | 15 | 20 | 60 | 1.0 |
40 | 15 | 20 | 60 | 1.0 |
50 | 15 | 25 | 60 | 1.0 |
60 | 15 | 30 | 60 | 1.5 |
80 | 15 | 35 | 75 | 2.0 |
100 | 20 | 45 | 75 | 2.0 |
120 | 20 | 50 | 90 | 2.0 |
140 | 25 | 55 | 90 | 2.0 |
160 | 25 | 60 | 120 | 2.5 |
180 | 30 | 70 | 120 | 2.5 |
200 | 30 | 80 | 120 | 2.5 |
225 | 35 | 90 | 150 | 3.0 |
250 | 35 | 100 | 150 | 3.0 |
300 | 40 | 120 | 210 | 4.0 |
350 | 40 | 130 | 210 | 4.0 |
400 | 50 | 160 | 240 | 4.5 |
Note: It is best to heat the billet with large section in sections, that is, preheat it to 800℃ before heating it in the high-temperature area of the heating furnace or in another high-temperature furnace | ||||
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